Family tree Essays - Biology, Genetics, Classical Genetics

Family tree Bio 101 Family tree 1-- Produce a family tree for at least three generations of your family, a friend's family, or a famous family (e.g. the Bushes, the Clintons, the Barrymores, etc.) following these genetic traits: Eye color Hair color Dominant hand Height Widow's peak Hitchhiker's thumb A family genetic disorder 4066540142875 Ok so what traits does the Grandpa have? bb, Hh, cc, ww, tt, XY and short just do this for each person If not sure can just say blue eyes, hitchhiker etc4000020000 Ok so what traits does the Grandpa have? bb, Hh, cc, ww, tt, XY and short just do this for each person If not sure can just say blue eyes, hitchhiker etc Ans:- The above pedigree analysis is done for a family showing mendelian inheritance of traits such as Eye color, hair color, Dominant hand, Widow's Peak, Hitchhiker's thumb, And genetic disorder Hemophilia. Full circle- for normal female and Full Square for- normal male The annotations are given below- Eye color- Represented by B and b. Brown eye(B) is dominant over the blue eye.(b). Dominance- Bb, BB. Recessive- bb Hair color- dark (H) is dominant over the light (h). Dominance- HH, Hh. Recessive- hh Dominant hand- Left hand (C) dominant over right hand(c). Dominance- CC, Cc. Recessive - cc Widow's peak- Widow's peak present (W) dominant over the widow's peak absent(w). Dominance- WW, Ww. Recessive - ww Hitchhiker's Thumb- Bending of thumb by 45 degree backward present(T ) recessive over the absence of Hitchhiker's thumb(H ). 2-- Summarize the inheritance of sex-linked traits through meiosis and how it relates to genetics. Ans: - Sex linkage or sex link inheritance is the transmission of characters and determining of the genes along with the sex determining gens which are born on the sex chromosome and are therefore inherited together from one generation to the next. During meiosis there occurs the separation of X and Y chromosomes and as assortment of chromosome occurs independently and randomly it causes the reshuffling and traits controlled by them. So in a sex linked traits the genes responsible for that gene is found on the sex gene so they are expressed in a particular sex. Such as haemophilia which is a X linked disease, since the gene for haemophila is present in X chromosome which is a sex chromosome and it has no counterpart in males so any gene which will be present in X chromosome in male will behave as dominant but not in females where there are two XX chromosomes. 3-- Summarize your findings of the family tree. Ans: - The above traits are Mendelian inherited type so the traits can be seen in those where they are present in dominant forms and not seen where they are present in recessive forms. It follows' the Mendelian inheritance law's such as law of independent assortment and law of dominance. The above pedigree analysis shows how various traits are inherited by this method from 1 st generation to 3 rd generation. Since it is not possible to do single pedigree analysis for each trait it is not possible to describe in detail. The reason of not representing height in pedigree analysis is it is not a Mendelian trait and it inheritance pattern is polygenic where cumulative effects of many genes are involved so it has not been shown in the diagram . I still like you to identify even if just tall or short or medium Coming on to the genetic disorder, the genetic disorder that has been taken into consideration is haemophilia. The pattern of inheritance of the haemophilia is depicted below- X Y X XX- Normal girl XY- Normal boy X h XX h- Carrier girl X h Y- Haemophilic boy. Since in the 2 nd generation of the family the third male offspring who is normal for haemophila trait marry a Carrier female for the haemophila so there is a chance of 50% for the male children's to be hemophilic and there is a chance of 50% of girls to be carrier. In overall 50% of offspring will be normal and 25% of male child will be affected and 25% of the female will be carrier. This is a sex linked genetic disorder. From the family tree

Contractual and Non Contractual Liability Essay Example

Contractual and Non Contractual Liability Essay Example Contractual and Non Contractual Liability Essay Contractual and Non Contractual Liability Essay I. Contract A contract is an understanding holding a lawful object entered into voluntarily by two or more parties. each of whom intends to make one or more legal duties between them. The elements of a contract are offer and acceptance by competent persons holding legal capacity who exchange consideration to make mutuality of duty. Contracts may be bilateral or one-sided. A bilateral contract is an understanding in which each of the parties to the contract makes a promise or set of promises to each other. For illustration. in a contract for the sale of a place. the purchaser promises to pay the marketer $ 200. 000 in exchange for the seller’s promise to present rubric to the belongings. These common contracts take topographic point in the day-to-day flow of commerce minutess. and in instances with sophisticated or expensive promises may affect extended dialogue and assorted status case in point demands. which are demands that must be met for the contract to be fulfilled. Less common are one-sided contracts in which one party makes a promise. but the other side does non assure anything. In these instances. those accepting the offer are non required to pass on their credence to the offerer. In a wages contract. for illustration. a individual who has lost a Canis familiaris could assure a wages if the Canis familiaris is found. through publication or orally. The payment could be to boot conditioned on the Canis familiaris being returned alive. Those who learn of the wages are non required to seek for the Canis familiaris. but if person finds the Canis familiaris and delivers it. the promiser is required to pay. Elementss At common jurisprudence. the elements of a contract are offer. credence. purpose to make legal dealingss. and consideration. Offer and credence In order for a contract to be formed. the parties must make common acquiescence. This is typically reached through offer and an credence which does non change the offer’s footings. which is known as the mirror image rule . If a purported credence does vary the footings of an offer. it is non an credence but a counteroffer and. hence. at the same time a rejection of the original offer. Purpose to be lawfully bound In commercial understandings it is presumed that parties intend to be lawfully bound unless the parties expressly province the antonym as in a caputs of understanding papers. For illustration. an understanding between two concern parties was non enforced because it contained an honor clause’ which stated the parties wish that the understanding non be reviewed or enforced by a tribunal. In contrast. domestic and societal understandings such as those between kids and parents are typically unenforceable on the footing of public policy. For illustration. a hubby agreed to give his married woman $ 100 a month while he was off from place. but the tribunal refused to implement the understanding when the hubby stopped paying. Consideration is something of value given by a promissor to a promisee in exchange for something of value given by a promisee to a promissor. Typically. the thing of value is a payment. although it may be an act. or patience to move. when one is privileged to make so. such as an grownup forbearing from smoking. This thing of value or patience from some legal right is considered to be a legal hurt. In the exchange of legal hurts. a deal is created. II. Contractual Liability Contractual liability. is precisely as it sounds. A contract is a legal binding understanding between two or more individuals. When you sign. or agree to the footings of a contract. so you have accepted the contractual liabilities set Forth in the papers. Liabilitiess are things that you can be held accountable for. and may hold to refund or replace. in the event that they occur. For illustration. a renter’s understanding may province that. If upon traveling out of the premises stated in the contract. any portion of the premises is destroyed. you may be accountable for and have to pay to mend. or replace the damage . Contractual liability ( or liability because of a contract ) has a really wide meaning- a promise that may be enforced by a tribunal. See the undermentioned simple illustration. I agree to paint your house for $ 1. 000 and roll up $ 500 prior to the occupation. After I accept the $ 500. I obtain a more moneymaking offer and neer demo up to paint your house. You can travel to tribunal and claim the $ 500 you paid me. as I have breached the contract. Your claim is a contractual liability claim. Contractual liability can take many signifiers. but is fundamentally holds you accountable for amendss that are stated in the contract. Another illustration can be a publication contract. If you are found guilty of plagiarism. the publishing house is non accountable for the act. It is your contractual liability. to let go of the publishing house from mistake. and take it yourself. In a nutshell. contractual liability. is anything that you agree to in the footings set Forth in a contract. Before come ining in to any contract. if you do non understand the footings. consult with an lawyer. III. Non-contractual liability The term non-contractual liability can be defined as civil wrong liability. Tort liability is legal duty of one party to a victim as a consequences of a civil wrong or hurt. This action requires some signifier of redress from a tribunal system. A civil wrong liability arises because of a combination of straight go againsting a person’s rights and the evildoing of a public duty doing harm or a private error. Evidence must be evaluated in a tribunal hearing to place who the tortfeasor/liable party is in the instance. Some civil wrongs are besides offenses punishable with imprisonment. the primary purpose of civil wrong jurisprudence is to supply alleviation for the amendss incurred and deter others from perpetrating the same injuries. The injured individual may action for an injunction to forestall the continuance of the tortious behavior or for pecuniary amendss. For illustration. a mill was built in A small town. Then this mill releases so much fume and waste which can harm to human wellness and environment. Therefore. this mill has to take responsible for her releasing. Among the types of amendss the injured party may retrieve are: loss of net incomes capacity. hurting and agony. and sensible medical disbursals. They include both present and future expected losingss. Torts autumn into three general classs: knowing civil wrongs ( e. g. . deliberately hitting a individual ) ; negligent civil wrongs ( e. g. doing an accident by neglecting to obey traffic regulations ) ; and rigorous liability civil wrongs ( e. g. . liability for doing and selling faulty merchandises ) . Intentional civil wrongs are any knowing Acts of the Apostless that are moderately foreseeable to do injury to an person. and that do so. Negligence is a civil wrong which depends on the being of a breakage of the responsibility of attention owed by one individual to another fr om the position of a sensible individual. it is merely carelessness non purpose. Strict liability wrongs do non depend on the grade of caution by the suspect. but are established when a peculiar action causes harm.

Company law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Company law - Essay Example Contemporary legal provisions have it that shareholders who are also known as the owners of the company have the advantage of not being disturbed by the various issues that the company may have with regard to the managerial process and also with regard to the manner in which it does in the forex market if the company is public1. It is important to recognize that this comes in as strength in the legal provision as the shareholders have the privilege of indulging in other activities that they may have. The legal provision however states that it is the rights of the shareholders to get information regarding the company upon their request in a bid to recognize or rather manage their investments2. The contemporary law however does not provide for certain factors that ought to come in as a major importance to the company. One of these factors is the amount of money that shareholders ought to get. According to the law, any company after making profits ought to put in some of the money to th e companies running for the purpose of acquiring new stock and other managerial tasks. However, shareholders ought to get a certain share of the company’s earnings in a rather precise manner. ... The power of the shareholders would increase from the fact that their investments would be brought back in terms of dividends3. Despite the various weaknesses identified in the law, there are strengths that it has with regard to class rights of the shareholder. One of the strengths is the fact that the shareholder has the right to apply for an appeal in the case of a variation being cancelled4. Variation identifies the contemporary strength of the company under review and the shareholders might get inclined to inquire about the state of the company through this method. Shareholders do this in an effort to identify how his contribution or rather investment is doing in case they seek to get dividends. It is the right of each shareholder to have this power and failure of the company to allow the shareholder to do this might get them seeking legal justice5. However, this only applies to people who hold above 15% of the company’s shares. This is because some shareholders might hold a very minimal amount of shares in the company and consequently make decisions that may affect the company’s running and best interest. There is strength in the legal system in the fact that it provides for the right of the shareholder to vote. There are many times that a company might get faced by very difficult decisions concerning the eligibility of some of the working conditions and market prices of their commodities. The law provides for the shareholders to engage with the management team of the company in that they can vote in a major decision making conquest. The law however does not suggest a clear approach with regard to the class right of a shareholder attending the meetings6. The law states that it is not always appropriate for the shareholders to attend all the

Science subject ( choose one of the subjects) Essay

Science subject ( choose one of the subjects) - Essay Example The biological proteins that consist of Sulfur are methionine and Cysteine. Insects and spiders also possess another protein with Sulfur known as Taurine. Methionine is the most essential protein for insect’s diets because Cysteine and Taurine can be made from it. Spiders and insects vary in the amount of these sulfur proteins in their body. Taurine is found to be more widespread in spider silk and spider’s venom as compared to other insects. It is said to have observed that the variation in these proteins in the bodies has a direct effect on the reproductive cycle and growth cycle of insectivorous birds. The concentrations of Sulfur in Spiders and Insects were measured. Three questions had to be answered through this study. Does the amount of Sulfur allometrically increase with increase in body mass? Does the class, family, order, and genus have an effect on disparity in the sulfur concentration? Lastly, does variation in the amount of Sulfur exist in trophic levels? Spiders and Insects were collected near the Colorado River in Western Arizona. The arthropods were taken from plants and stored in plastic bags whereas the insects were caught in midair using a ‘Townes-style Malaise trap’. The specimens were organized into groups and representatives of each group were dissolved in seventy percent ethanol. Except for the specie ‘Chrysopidae’ all the other specimens were distinguished till their genus. The specimens were then analyzed for their sulfur contents by first being dried, then their dry mass was weighed and in the end they were digested. The sulfur content of the digested specimens was measured against concentration of methionine and the percentage sulfur concentration per dry mass of each specimen was also measured. Sulfur content was also compared within trophic levels. The insects were grouped into herbivores, predators or detritivores. Bias was removed by repeating the experiment and every time noting whether

Religions summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Religions summary - Assignment Example Hinduism is known as the most ancient religion of the world. And therefore the Hindu religious texts are perhaps the most ancient religious texts still surviving today. The primary sacred texts of the Hindus are the Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda, Atharva Veda. The Rig Veda is the oldest of the four. An important text in Hinduism is the Ramayana. It is a moving love story with moral and spiritual themes that has deep appeal in India. Ramayana was written by Valmiki. Another important text in Hinduism is the Mahabharata which is a group of books written by Vyasa. Hindus are normally viewed as Trinitarian because Brahma is considered as the god with three persons – Brahma (the creator), Vishnu (the preserver), and Shiva (the destroyer). The four main aims of Hinduism are called the ‘doctrine of the fourfold end of the life’ which are – dharma (righteousness in the religious life), artha (success in the economic life), kama (gratification of the senses, moksa (liberation from the world). Buddhism is the fourth largest religion in the world. It has nearly 365 million followers. Buddhism was founded in India (northern India) by Siddharta Gautama. Buddhism is not a monolithic religion. It is a combination of the teachings of the Buddha with local religious rituals, beliefs and customs. After the death of Buddha splits occurred in the religion. It was divided into three main systems of thoughts within Buddhism which are geographically and philosophically separated. The three groups are – Theravada Buddhism which is otherwise known are southern Buddhism, Mahayana Buddhism which is otherwise known as northern Buddhism, Vajrayana Buddhism which is otherwise known as Tantric Buddhism. Buddha preached the four noble truths of Buddhism which are – there is suffering, there is cause for suffering, there is cessation of suffering, and there is path leading to the

Colombia vs Venezuela Culture

Colombia vs Venezuela Culture Venezuelas Culture Compared to Colombias Culture Believe systems and traditions shared by a group of people are clearly defined the huge meaning of countrys culture. This culture could be transmitting easily between the neighboring countries. Obviously, those countries shared a lot of believe and tradition which is consequently defines the meaning of the countrys culture. However, Venezuela and Colombia are neighboring countries and even more both of them had discovered by Spanish explorers. So, the culture in both of them, at first glance, obtains many similarities, but in the other hand, there are a few differences. As long as Venezuela and Colombia were Spanish colony, ethnic group is one of the main aspects that both of them are shared. In Venezuela, Mestizo group, (Spanish and Portuguese term refer to Latin people of mixed European and Amerindians), forming the majority of Venezuelas population, about 67% beside other major groups like Whites who forming 21% of the population and minority of African Blacks and Native Americans. In Colombia, Mestizo comprises 55 percent of the population and the rest are a combination of Whites, African Blacks, and Native Americans. Beside the similarity in ethnic group, Spanish is the first official language in Venezuela and Colombia as well as English, recently, has become the countrys second official language. However, Venezuelas oil boom has also contributed to an increase English usage especially in the large cities. Same as in Colombian lagers cities, English, particularly used by the upper class, but it is not commonly understood or spoken. Another area of similarities between Venezuela and Colombia involve marriage. Marriage in Venezuela has a few legal restrictions unless the person marries someone of same sex and of illegal age. However, it is expected that people in Venezuela marry others of their same or higher social class including racial status. Also, groom and bride are often preferred to do the marriage ceremony in Catholic Church with their families. Likewise, in Colombia, the upper-middle and upper classes are encouraged to marry within their own class. On the other hand, people from lower and middle classes prefer to marry someone outside of their class. For instance, mestizos and blacks prefer to marry into white families. Also, Because of high expenses of marriage, Colombians from lower middle class may choose whether civil marriage or consensual marriage. Meanwhile, Upper class people, and people who live in urban areas are often married in the Catholic Church. Beside the similarities between both of them, they do have differences. One difference that is most notable is the main export item. Since Venezuela considered as the fifth biggest member of OPEC by production, Venezuelas most profitable export item is oil. Oil is largely exports to the main trading partner United States beside other major trading partners like Netherlands, Japan, Germany, France, Italy, Brazil, and Colombia. On the other hand, In Latin America, the two largest coffee producers are Brazil and Colombia. Colombia produces about 12% of the coffee in the world, so coffee is the main export item as well as other major export items like cut flowers, emeralds, and leather goods. However, those items mainly export to United States, Germany, Japan, The Netherlands and Switzerland. Other area of differences is the Medical and Health Care System. Venezuelas health-care system has a large array of public and private hospitals and clinics. Those public and private hospitals are opened to public whether upper, meddle or lower class. In contrast, health care in Colombia, recently, has been improved but this improvement has occurred mostly in upper class and middle class urban areas. In poor areas, people usually have limited access to the medical treatment and health care. Â  In conclusion, cultural differences manifest themselves in different ways and differing levels of depth. Venezuelan culture and Colombian culture shared many similarities and were different in other ways. However, the most three similarities they shared were ethnic groups, Official language and marriage. Meanwhile, trade and medical health care systems were sound pretty different from one another.

The Multicultural Workplace Essay -- Occupational Issues

The modern American workplace has become culturally diverse as different immigrant communities increased in size. According to the US Department of Immigration, 148,426 immigrants received their residency in 2011 in New York. Because of the increased workplace diversity, businesses have to deal with a variety of cultural awareness and multiple language issues. These are very pressing issues in New York City, the â€Å"melting pot† of cultures from all over the world. Each workplace in New York City has at least one employee of a non-American background or a bilingual employee. While exploring the multinational workplace, which consisted of immigrants from a variety of countries, I was able to distinguish three distinctive themes. The first is immigrants’ self-consciousness of having an accent. The second is mixing two languages in speech. The third is the problem of building an effective multicultural team. Full-time employed adults spend at least 40% of their time at work and for many adults it accounts for 100% of their â€Å"public† life. Workplace has become a place of social interaction. Vicky Schultz described the importance of the workplace to individual’s growth in her work The Sanitized Workplace as the following: For most people, working isn’t just a way to earn a livelihood. It’s a way †¦ to make friends and form communities †¦ and to know themselves and others in a deep way. †¦ [Workplace] is also a source of citizenship, community, and self-understanding. From this perspective, for immigrants learning the language of the host country is a tool to develop a net of useful social contacts. Cristina Rodriguez states that in addition to its role in developing social bonds, the language use assists with preserving a multilingual en... ...ogy.uchicago.edu/people/faculty/LevAriKeysar.pdf 6. Rodriguez, Cristina. "Language Diversity in the Workplace." www.law.northwestern.edu. Northwestern University School of Law, 2006. Web. 6 May 2012. http://www.law.northwestern.edu/lawreview/v100/n4/1689/lr100n4rodriguez.pdf 7. Shultz, Vicky. The Sanitized Workplace. Yale L.J., 2003. 2069-70. Print. 8. Estlund, Cynthia. Working Together: How Workplace Bonds Strengthen a Diverse Democracy. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2005. 256. Print. 9. Keogh, Jack. "International Teams: Beyond Cultural Difference." www.jackkeogh.com. Keogh and Associate Consulting, LLC, n.d. Web. 6 May 2012. http://www.jackkeogh.com/Multicultural team article by JK.pdf 10. "Masculinity." www.clearlycultural.com. ClearlyCultural.com, 2009. Web. 6 May 2012. http://www.clearlycultural.com/geert-hofstede-cultural-dimensions/masculinity/